Wǒ mǎi le xīn diànshì, xiànzài kěyǐ kàn gāoqīng diànyǐng le
I bought a new TV, now I can watch high definition movies
The sentence indicates the purchase of a new 'diànshì', or television, with the verb 'mǎi'. It then uses the auxiliary word 'kěyǐ' to indicate ability or permission, followed by the activity of 'kàn gāoqīng diànyǐng' or watching high definition movies.
我 (wǒ): I买 (mǎi): buy新 (xīn): new电视 (diànshì): television现在 (xiànzài): now可以 (kěyǐ): can看 (kàn): watch高清 (gāoqīng): high definition电影 (diànyǐng): movie
Wǒmen míngtiān qù shāngdiàn mǎi dōngxi.
We will go to the store to buy things tomorrow.
This sentence uses the time word '明天' to indicate the future tense. The verb '去' is used to indicate 'go' and '买' is used to indicate 'buy'.
我们 (wǒmen): we/us明天 (míngtiān): tomorrow去 (qù): to go商店 (shāngdiàn): store买 (mǎi): to buy东西 (dōngxi): things
nǐ huì shuō yīngyǔ ma?
Do you speak English?
This sentence is asking a yes or no question. The phrase 'nǐ huì shuō' means 'can you speak', and it is followed by 'yīngyǔ ma', which means 'English (question particle)'.
你 (nǐ): you会说 (huì shuō): speak英语 (yīngyǔ): English吗 (ma): question particle
diàn shì shàng bō fàng yīn yuè.
Music is playing on the TV.
In this sentence, we see the location indicator 上 (shàng) being used to indicate that the music is playing 'on' the TV. The action of playing music is indicated by the verb 播放 (bō fàng), followed by the object being played, 音乐 (yīn yuè) meaning 'music'.
电视 (diàn shì): TV上 (shàng): on播放 (bō fàng): to play (a video or music)音乐 (yīn yuè): music
zhège wèntí bǐ wǒmen xiǎngxiàng zhōng de yào kùnnan dé duō.
This problem is much more difficult than we imagined.
In this sentence, the comparative particle 比 is used to compare the degree of difficulty between two things. It is followed by the subject and the verb. The phrase 要...得多 is used to indicate that something is much more than expected/imagined.
这个 (zhège): this问题 (wèntí): problem比 (bǐ): compared to我们 (wǒmen): we想象中 (xiǎngxiàng zhōng): imagined的 (de): possessive particle要 (yào): to need/to want困难 (kùnnan): difficult得多 (dé duō): much more