tā xǐhuān chī shuǐguǒ.
He likes to eat fruits.
In this sentence, we see the pattern of expressing a preference or affection for something using the verb 喜欢 (xǐhuān), followed by the item being liked. Additionally, we see the verb 吃 (chī) being used to indicate the act of eating something.
他 (tā): he喜欢 (xǐhuān): like吃 (chī): eat水果 (shuǐguǒ): fruit
tā de diàn huà shì duō shǎo?
What is his phone number?
In this sentence, we see the possessive particle '的' used to indicate ownership. It is followed by the noun '电话' meaning 'phone number'. The question is formed using the word '是' meaning 'is', and followed by '多少' meaning 'how much/many'.
他 (tā): he的 (de): possessive particle电话 (diàn huà): phone number是 (shì): is多少 (duō shǎo): how much/many
Wǒ ài chī shuǐguǒ, tèbié shì chéngzi.
I love to eat fruit, especially oranges.
This sentence uses the pattern of '我 + 爱 + (verb)' to express a personal preference or liking for doing something. The phrase '特别是' is used to emphasize the following object as a favorite among other things.
我 (wǒ): I/me爱 (ài): to love吃 (chī): to eat水果 (shuǐguǒ): fruit特别 (tèbié): especially橙子 (chéngzi): oranges
Jīntiān tiānqì hěn hǎo.
Today's weather is very good.
This sentence uses the adverb '很' to describe the degree or intensity of an adjective, which in this case is '好', meaning 'good'. The subject '今天天气' means 'today's weather' and follows the time-weather pattern.
今天 (jīntiān): today天气 (tiānqì): weather很好 (hěn hǎo): very good
Wǒ zài xué zhōngwén, dànshì wǒ juédé hànzì hěn nán.
I am learning Chinese, but I think the characters are very difficult.
This sentence uses the conjunction 'but' to join two clauses which contrast with each other. The verb 'think/feel' is followed by the complement 'difficult' indicating the difficulty of the characters.
我 (wǒ): I在 (zài): at学 (xué): learn中文 (zhōngwén): Chinese language但是 (dànshì): but觉得 (juédé): feel汉字 (hànzì): Chinese characters很 (hěn): very难 (nán): difficult