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我不明白他在说什么。HSK 6
Wǒ bù míngbái tā zài shuō shénme.
I don't understand what he is saying.
This sentence uses the negative adverb 不 (bù) before the verb to indicate negation. The verb 明白 (míngbái) is used to mean 'understand', and the object is expressed using the interrogative pronoun 什么 (shénme) which means 'what'.
(): I/me (): not明白 (míngbái): understand (): he/him (zài): in/on/at (shuō): speak/say什么 (shénme): what
这本书是我朋友送给我的。HSK 6
zhè běn shū shì wǒ péng yǒu sòng gěi wǒ de.
This book was given to me by my friend.
The sentence uses 把 structure. In this case, the sentence is restructured into a passive voice to emphasize the recipient of the book. The sentence could be rephrased as 朋友把这本书送给了我。(My friend gave this book [to me]).
(zhè): this (běn): classifier for books (shū): book (): I/me朋友 (péng yǒu): friend (sòng): to give (as a gift)
我的家离学校很近。HSK 2
Wǒ de jiā lí xuéxiào hěn jìn.
My home is very close to the school.
This sentence uses the verb 离 to indicate distance between two places. The adjective 很 is used to indicate degree.
(jiā): home (): away from学校 (xuéxiào): school (hěn): very (jìn): close
我们一起去爬山,好吗?HSK 6
Wǒmen yīqǐ qù páshān, hǎo ma?
Shall we go mountain climbing together?
This sentence uses the modal particle '吗' to ask for agreement to go mountain climbing together.
我们 (wǒmen): we一起 (yīqǐ): together (): to go爬山 (páshān): mountain climbing好吗 (hǎo ma): shall we
他们喜欢吃米饭。HSK 1
Tāmen xǐhuān chī mǐfàn.
They like to eat rice.
This sentence uses the structure of subject + verb + object. The pronoun '他们' is the subject, '喜欢' means 'like', and '吃米饭' means 'eat rice'.
他们 (tāmen): they喜欢 (xǐhuān): like (chī): eat米饭 (mǐfàn): rice